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Risk Management and
Financial Institutions
Multiple Choices:
1. The options that come into existence or disappear when
the price of the underlying asset reaches a certain barrier.
a. Asian Options
b. Barrier options
c. Basket Options
d. Binary Options
2. The volatility of this model is changes with the passage
of time:
a. EMWA Model
b. GAMMA Model
c. VEGA Model
d. GARCH Model
3. The office which consists of risk managers who are
monitoring the risks being is taken is called
a. Front Office
b. Middle Office
c. Back Office
d. None of the above
4. A separate issue from the number of exceptions is:
a. Bunching
b. Grouping
c. Stress testing
d. None
5. This simulation is a very popular approach for estimating
VaR:
a. Historical Simulation
b. Accuracy
c. Extensions
d. None of the above
6. Out of the following which rate is defined as the square
of the volatility?
a. Standard Deviation
b. Variance
c. Mean
d. Median
7. Risk measures satisfying all four conditions are referred
to as:
a. Time Horizon
b. Auto Correlation
c. Confidence level
d. Coherent
8. Only bonds with ratings of Baa or above are considered to
be:
a. Investment grade
b. Internal Credit Ratings
c. Altman’s Z- Score
d. None of the above
9. The by- product of any program to measure &
understand operational risk is likely to be the development of:
a. Risk & Control self assessment
b. Key Risk Indicators
c. Operational risk Capital
d. Casual Relationship
10. The Securities that are subject to a discount are known
as a:
a. Collateralization
b. Downgrade Trigger
c. Haircut
d. None of the above
Part Two:
1. Explain ‘Collateralization’.
2. Briefly explain the ‘Linear Model’.
3. Explain the ‘GARCH-MODEL’.
4. Explain the Concept of ‘Exchange-Traded Markets’.
5. Differentiate between the Systematic vs. Nonsystematic
Risk.
1. In the 1980s, Bankers Trust
developed index currency option notes (ICONs). These are bonds in which the
amount received by the holder at maturity varies with a foreign exchange rate.
One example was its trade at maturity varies with a foreign exchange rate. One
example was its trade with the Long Term Credit Bank of Japan. The ICON
specified that if the yen/US dollar exchange rate, ST , is greater than 169 yen
per dollar at maturity (in 1995), the holder of the bond receives $1,000. If it
is less than 169 yen per dollar, the amount received by the holder of the bond
is 1,000- max [0, 1,000 (169 - 1) ST When the exchange rate is below 84.5,
nothing is received by the holder at maturity. Show that this ICON is a
combination of a regular bond and two options.
2. Suppose that the risk-free
zero curves is flat at 7% per annum with continuous compounding and that
defaults can occur halfway through each year in a new 5- year credit default
swap. Suppose that the recovery rate is 30% and the default probabilities each
year conditional on no earlier default are 3%. Estimate the credit default swap
spread. Assume payments are made annually.
3. Suppose that 6- month,
12-month, 18-month, 24-month, and 30-month zero rates are 4%, 4.2%, 4.4%, 4.6%,
and 4.8% per annum, respectively, with continuous compounding. Estimate the
cash price of a bond with a face value of 100 that will mature in 30 months and
pays a coupon of 4% per annum semiannually.
4. Suppose that the economic
capital estimates for two business units are as follows: Business Unit 1 2
Market risk 10 50 Credit risk 30 30 Operational risk 50 10 The correlation
between market risk and credit risk in the same business unit is 0.3. the
correlation between credit risk in one business unit and credit risk in another
is 0.7. the correlation between market risk in one business unit and market
risk in the other is 0.2. All other correlations are zero. Calculate the total
economic capital. How much should be allocated to each business unit?
1. A Bank is considering
expanding its asset management operations. The main risk is operational risk.
It estimates that the expected operational risk loss from the new venture in
one year is $2 million and the 99.97% worst-case loss (arising from a large
investor law suit) is $40 million. The expected fees it will receive from investors
for the funds
under administration are $12
million per year and administrative costs are expected to be $5 million per
year. Estimate the before-tax RAROC? Also explain the two different ways in
which RAROC can be used?
2. Why is there an add-on amount
in Basel I for derivatives transactions? “Basel I could be improved if the
add-on amount for a derivatives transaction depended on the value of the
transaction.” How would you argue this viewpoint?
3. “A long forward contract
subject to credit risk is a combination of a short position in a no-default put
and a long position in a call subject to credit risk.” Explain this statement.
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